Questions about Japan: Questions about the mysteries of Japanese culture

Shinto and Buddhism have coexisted in Japan since ancient times in a form called “Shinbutsu-shugo”, the syncretism of kami (Shinto deities) and buddhas.
They influenced each other’s development, for example, with Buddhist statues being placed in shrines.
Even today, many Japanese people naturally participate in both Shinto and Buddhist religious events.

The Japanese view of religion is characterized by its polytheistic and tolerant nature.
A culture of accepting multiple religions without contradiction, including Shinto and Buddhism, is deeply rooted.
Unlike countries where adherence to a specific religion is strong, Japan tends to emphasize events and customs.

Omamori are charms or amulets given at shrines and temples, believed to contain various blessings such as traffic safety, academic success, and good health.
It’s common to carry them with you at all times.
It’s considered proper etiquette to return them to the original shrine or temple after one year.

The basic way to pray at a Shinto shrine is called “two bows, two claps, and one bow” (nihai ni-hakushu ippai).
First, give a slight bow, then place an offering in the offering box.
Next, bow deeply twice, clap your hands twice, and finally bow deeply once more.
It’s important to pray sincerely in front of the deity.

“Wa” is a core traditional Japanese value that refers to the spirit of harmony and cooperation.
Since ancient times, the principle of “harmony is to be valued” (wa o motte totoshi to nasu) has been emphasized, and the idea of valuing harmonious relationships and overall social harmony is deeply rooted in Japanese culture.

kamidana is a small, shrine-like shelf set up in homes or workplaces to enshrine Shinto deities.
The basic way to venerate it is to offer things like rice, salt, and water, and to bow your head in gratitude every morning.

Hatsumode is a Japanese tradition of visiting a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple for the first time in the New Year to pray for peace and good health throughout the year.
Particularly famous Hatsumode spots include Meiji Jingu Shrine and Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine.

Shinto is Japan’s indigenous religion, a spiritual culture that worships nature and ancestral spirits.
It doesn’t have a formal founder or scriptures and developed from ancient nature and ancestor worship.
Shrines are central places for Shinto, and many exist throughout Japan.

Shinto is explained here: The History, Spirituality, and Mystique of Shinto

Shrine (jinja) are Shinto facilities, places where nature and deities are worshipped.
On the other hand, temples (otera) are Buddhist facilities where Buddhist statues are enshrined, and practices like meditation and memorial services are held.
A key way to distinguish them is that shrines have torii gates, while temples contain Buddhist statues.

Click here to learn more about the shrine: The History, Spirituality, and Mystique of Shinto

Shichi-Go-San is a Japanese traditional event celebrating the growth of children aged three, five, and seven.
It originated in the Heian period (794-1185) and took its current form in the Edo period (1603-1868).
Families visit shrines to express gratitude for the children’s safe growth and pray for their future health.

The Obon festival is a Japanese tradition for welcoming and honoring the spirits of ancestors.
It is generally held in mid-August, and families gather to visit graves and participate in Bon dances to remember the deceased.
It has strong ties to Buddhist practices.

Japanese religious events include the first shrine or temple visit of the New Year (Hatsumode), the equinoctial weeks in spring and autumn (Higan), the Bon festival in summer, Shichi-Go-San (a celebration for children aged three, five, and seven), and Setsubun (the day before the start of spring).
These events are based on Shinto and Buddhist teachings while also celebrating Japan’s unique culture and seasonal transitions.

About the Japanese calendar and events: The Timeless Elegance of Ancient Japan Lives On

There are many Buddhist sects in Japan, including Pure Land Buddhism (Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu), Zen Buddhism (Rinzai and Soto), Nichiren Buddhism, Tendai Buddhism, and Shingon Buddhism.
Each sect has different doctrines and practices, and there are distinctive temples throughout Japan.

Buddhism is said to have been introduced to Japan in the mid-6th century, during the Asuka period, from Baekje (an ancient kingdom in present-day Korea).
In Japan, Buddhism coexisted with Shinto while developing uniquely, giving rise to many sects and cultural aspects.
Asuka-dera Temple is considered the first Buddhist temple in Japan.

Japanese people are sometimes said to be non-religious because they don’t strongly adhere to one specific religion but rather flexibly incorporate elements of Shinto, Buddhism, Christianity, etc., into their lives.
Religious aspects are naturally integrated into their ceremonies and annual events.

Onsen are natural hot springs rich in minerals like sulfur, magnesium, and calcium. Bathing in onsen is believed to improve circulation, relieve muscle and joint pain, reduce stress, and even help with skin conditions.
It’s not just relaxing—it’s a wellness ritual deeply rooted in Japanese culture.

Explanation about hot springs: Japanese Onsen: Exploring Healing and Culture Wrapped in Steaming Mist

The traditional Japanese diet is low in saturated fats and refined sugars, and emphasizes balance, portion control, and seasonal ingredients.
Meals typically consist of rice, vegetables, fish, and miso soup.
This approach to eating helps maintain a healthy weight and supports heart and digestive health.

A representative low-calorie, high-protein Japanese dish: The appeal of tofu: a must-have item in Japanese dining table

Traditional Japanese Kampo medicine uses herbal formulations derived from Chinese medicine. Common ingredients include:

• Licorice root (kanzo)
• Ginger (shōga)
• Ginseng (ninjin)
  
  These are often used to treat colds, digestive issues, and fatigue. Kampo is widely practiced alongside modern medicine in Japan.

Japanese cuisine includes many nutrient-rich ingredients considered “superfoods,” such as:

• Miso: A fermented soybean paste full of probiotics.
• Natto: Fermented soybeans high in protein and Vitamin K2.
  For more information about natto, click here: Natto: Japan’s Unsung Superfood for Health
• Seaweed: Rich in iodine, fiber, and antioxidants.
  

Matcha: A powdered green tea known for its high antioxidant content.
These foods contribute to the health and longevity of the Japanese population.

Shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing, is the practice of immersing oneself in nature to reduce stress and improve mental well-being.
It involves slow walks through forests, breathing deeply, and mindfully observing the surroundings.
This therapeutic practice is backed by research and widely promoted in Japan for its health benefits.

Hara hachi bu is a traditional Okinawan concept meaning “eat until you’re 80% full.”
Practicing this helps prevent overeating, supports healthy digestion, and maintains a healthy weight.
This mindful eating habit is one of the reasons Okinawa has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.

Japanese mental wellness is influenced by cultural values like self-discipline, social harmony, and mindfulness.
Practices such as meditation, calligraphy (shodo), and tea ceremony offer moments of quiet reflection.
More recently, there’s growing awareness and openness around mental health support and therapy.

Japan consistently ranks among the top countries for life expectancy.
This is often attributed to a healthy diet rich in fish, vegetables, fermented foods, and green tea, as well as active lifestyles, strong social connections, and access to preventive healthcare.
Cultural attitudes toward moderation and stress management also play a role.

Minimalism in Japan is closely tied to the Zen philosophy, emphasizing simplicity, clarity, and intentional living.
A minimalist lifestyle reduces stress by eliminating clutter and focusing on what truly matters, contributing to emotional well-being and a peaceful home environment.

Walking is a natural part of daily life in Japan due to the excellent public transportation system and compact cities. Many Japanese people walk to train stations, schools, and shops, making walking an integrated part of their routine, which contributes to physical fitness and overall health.

Japanese family traditions emphasize respect, hierarchy, and harmony.
The family structure is often close-knit, with elders being highly respected. Some traditional family practices include:

• O-sechi: Special foods prepared for the New Year to bring luck and happiness.
• Respecting ancestors: Honoring the memory of ancestors through rituals like Obon.
• Gift-giving: Exchanging gifts is an important part of many Japanese ceremonies, such as weddings and birthdays.

A Japanese tea house is a small, simple structure designed to host tea ceremonies.
It is usually built to reflect the principles of wabi-sabi, with a focus on simplicity and natural beauty.
Tea houses are significant in Japanese culture as they provide a tranquil space for contemplation, ritual, and the enjoyment of tea in a meditative atmosphere.
They are an important part of the tea ceremony tradition and reflect the broader Japanese appreciation for nature, craftsmanship, and mindfulness.

Traditional Japanese clothing includes several iconic garments:

• Kimono: A full-length robe with wide sleeves, often worn during formal occasions such as weddings, tea ceremonies, and New Year’s celebrations.
• Yukata: A lighter, summer version of the kimono, often worn at festivals.
• Hakama: A traditional outfit worn by men or women for formal occasions, consisting of wide-legged trousers.
  

Obi: A wide belt used with kimonos, intricately tied and sometimes quite elaborate.

Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” is the ethical code that samurai followed in feudal Japan.
The key principles of Bushido include:

• Loyalty: Loyalty to one’s master, family, and country.
• Honor: A strong sense of personal and family honor, which was often preserved even at the cost of one’s life.
• Courage: The courage to act ethically and bravely in the face of adversity.
• Respect: Respect for others, especially superiors, is essential. These principles shaped the samurai class and continue to influence Japanese culture, even in modern times.

Read more about samurai loyalty here: Ako Roshi: Tale of the Enduring Spirit of Loyalty

Japan has a variety of traditional festivals throughout the year, each celebrating different aspects of its culture.
Some of the most important festivals include:

• Obon (August): A festival honoring the spirits of ancestors.
• Tanabata (July): Celebrating the meeting of two stars, Orihime and Hikoboshi.
• New Year (Shogatsu): The most important holiday in Japan, where people visit shrines and celebrate with family.
• Sapporo Snow Festival (February): Famous for its stunning ice and snow sculptures.
  These festivals are a great way to experience Japan’s culture and history firsthand.

The ancient and beautiful Japanese calendar and its annual events: The Timeless Elegance of Ancient Japan Lives On

Shintoism is Japan’s indigenous religion, focusing on the worship of kami (spirits) that inhabit natural objects like trees, rocks, and rivers, as well as ancestors.
Shintoism emphasizes harmony with nature, purity, and respect for the environment.
It influences many aspects of Japanese life, including architecture, festivals, and daily rituals, with Shinto shrines being an integral part of Japanese culture.

For more information about Shinto, click here: The History, Spirituality, and Mystique of Shinto

Wabi-sabi is a Japanese aesthetic concept that finds beauty in imperfection, transience, and the natural world.
It celebrates the passage of time, the weathered, and the worn, appreciating things that are simple, modest, and unpretentious.
This philosophy can be seen in art, architecture, and everyday life, where the natural aging process of objects is seen as adding value and beauty.

If you want to know more about Wabi-Sabi, click here: Wabi-Sabi: Bringing Profound Beauty to Urban Living

Japanese gardens are designed to reflect nature, creating a peaceful and harmonious space.
They often include elements like ponds, rocks, bridges, and carefully manicured trees and plants.
Japanese gardens symbolize tranquility, balance, and the beauty of nature in all its forms.
Visiting a Japanese garden is an immersive experience that invites visitors to reflect on the impermanence of life, a central theme in Japanese culture.

The Japanese tea ceremony, known as “chanoyu”, is a deeply symbolic ritual focused on the preparation and consumption of powdered green tea, or matcha.
It reflects Japanese values such as harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility.
The tea ceremony is not just about drinking tea; it’s a meditative experience that emphasizes mindfulness and the beauty of simplicity.

If you want to know more about Matcha, click here: How About Some Matcha? Japan’s Charming Green Gift

Shodo (Japanese calligraphy) is considered both an art form and a spiritual practice in Japan.
The beauty of Japanese calligraphy lies not only in the aesthetic of the characters but also in the spiritual expression of the person writing.
It is often associated with Zen Buddhism and is seen as a way of expressing one’s inner self and achieving a state of mindfulness.

Japanese work culture is shaped by values like diligence, group responsibility, and humility.
Concepts like ganbaru (doing one’s best) and kaizen (continuous improvement) drive strong dedication to quality and perseverance, even in challenging situations.

Zen Buddhism emphasizes mindfulness, simplicity, and living in the present moment.
Its influence can be seen in Japanese arts like tea ceremony, rock gardens, and calligraphy.
It also encourages introspection, minimalism, and appreciation for quiet, everyday experiences.

Gaman means enduring difficult situations with patience, dignity, and self-control.
It’s considered a virtue in Japan, often practiced in times of hardship or stress.
It reflects inner strength and the ability to prioritize group well-being over personal discomfort.

Tatemae refers to the public face or socially acceptable behavior, while honne is a person’s true feelings.
This duality helps maintain social harmony, allowing people to avoid conflict or offending others.
Understanding this distinction is key to grasping Japanese communication styleJapanese people’s true feelings and pretense.

• Japanese people’s true feelings and pretense: How Does Direct vs. Indirect Communication Work in Japan?

Wabi-sabi is a traditional Japanese worldview that finds beauty in imperfection, impermanence, and simplicity. It values natural flaws and quiet elegance, and is often seen in pottery, gardens, and minimalistic design.
It’s a way of appreciating life as it is, rather than how we wish it to be.

For more information on Wabi-Sabi, click here: What Is Wabi-Sabi? Applying Japan’s Beauty Philosophy to Modern Life

Bushido is the code of the samurai, emphasizing loyalty, honor, courage, and self-discipline.
Although the samurai class no longer exists, these values continue to shape Japanese society, particularly in work ethic, respect for hierarchy, and a deep sense of responsibility.

In Japan, wa refers to harmony and peaceful unity.
It is a foundational cultural value that prioritizes cooperation, group consensus, and avoiding open conflict.
The spirit of wa influences everything from workplace dynamics to social etiquette and even architecture.

Nature is central to Japanese spirituality, especially in Shinto, where natural elements like trees, rivers, and mountains are believed to house kami (spirits).
This reverence fosters a deep respect for the environment and a spiritual connection to seasonal changes.

• Omiwa Shrine, where the mountain itself is worshipped as a sacred object: Why Is Omiwa Shrine Japan’s Oldest Shrine? Exploring Its Mysteries

Silence in Japan is often seen as a sign of thoughtfulness, respect, or emotional depth.
Rather than rushing to fill a conversation, pausing or remaining silent can communicate understanding or deference.
This contrasts with many Western cultures, where silence may feel uncomfortable.

Respect is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is expressed through language, gestures, and behavior.
From bowing to honorific speech (keigo), showing respect maintains harmony and acknowledges social relationships.
It’s seen as a way to build trust and mutual understanding.

Yes, raw eggs in Japan are safe to eat due to strict hygiene regulations during production and distribution.
Dishes like tamago kake gohan (raw egg over rice) are common in Japanese households.

• Read more about raw eggs here: Why Are Raw Eggs Safe and Delicious in Japan? Understanding Food Safety

While rice-based dishes are often gluten-free, many Japanese seasonings like soy sauce contain wheat.
Gluten-free options are available, but it’s important to check ingredient labels or ask at restaurants, especially for sauces and marinades.

Miso soup can be vegetarian or vegan, but it often uses dashi made from bonito flakes (fish).
If you are vegan, look for versions made with kombu (kelp) or shiitake mushroom broth.

Japan has several noodle varieties, including ramen (wheat noodles in broth), soba (buckwheat noodles), udon (thick wheat noodles), and somen (thin wheat noodles).
Each has unique textures and is enjoyed hot or cold depending on the season.

Dashi is a foundational broth in Japanese cuisine made from ingredients like kombu (seaweed), katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes), or shiitake mushrooms.
It’s used in soups, sauces, and simmered dishes to add umami and depth of flavor.

Natto is a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans.
It’s rich in protein and probiotics but has a strong smell and sticky texture that some people love and others dislike.
It’s often eaten for breakfast with rice and soy sauce.

• Click here for more information about natto: Why Is Natto Considered a Superfood in Japan? Health Benefits Explained

Sushi refers to vinegared rice combined with ingredients like raw or cooked seafood, vegetables, or egg.
Sashimi, on the other hand, is thinly sliced raw fish or seafood served without rice.
Sushi is a complete dish, while sashimi focuses solely on the quality of the raw fish.

Japanese dining etiquette includes saying itadakimasu before eating and gochisousama after.
Avoid sticking chopsticks upright in rice (it resembles a funeral ritual), and do not pass food chopstick-to-chopstick.
Slurping noodles is acceptable and shows appreciation!

Umami is the fifth basic taste, often described as savory or meaty.
It’s found in ingredients like soy sauce, miso, dashi (soup stock), and seaweed.
Umami gives Japanese dishes their rich, deep flavor without relying on heavy seasoning.

Japanese cuisine emphasizes seasonal ingredients, small portion sizes, and balance among grains, vegetables, and protein.
Cooking methods like steaming, simmering, and grilling reduce excess fat, and fermented foods support gut health.

Yes. Common practices include removing shoes before entering homes or certain indoor spaces, being quiet on public transport, and showing respect at shrines and temples.
Being mindful of Japanese customs enhances your travel experience.

• How to Understand Japanese Society and Manners: Essential Tips for Foreign Visitors

Citizens of many countries, including the U.S., Canada, the UK, and most EU nations, can enter Japan visa-free for short-term stays (up to 90 days).
Always check the latest entry requirements before traveling.

No, tipping is not a common practice in Japan and may even be politely refused. Instead, excellent service is considered a standard part of hospitality.
If you want to show appreciation, a small gift or thank-you note is more appropriate.

Yes, major train stations, airports, and tourist spots have English signs and staff who can assist.
Translation apps and basic phrases also help.
Japanese people are often very helpful, even if they don’t speak much English.

Japan can be budget-friendly or luxurious depending on your travel style.
Affordable options like business hotels, budget airlines, and convenience store meals make it accessible.
Transportation and accommodation costs vary by season and location.

Top destinations include Tokyo for modern culture, Kyoto for traditional temples, Hiroshima for history, Osaka for food, and Hokkaido for nature.
Mount Fuji, Nara’s deer park, and hot springs in Hakone or Beppu are also popular.

The most efficient way to travel is by train.
The Japan Rail Pass offers unlimited rides on JR trains for a set period and is ideal for tourists visiting multiple cities.
Local subways, buses, and IC cards like Suica or Pasmo are convenient in cities.

The best times to visit Japan are spring (March to May) for cherry blossoms and autumn (October to November) for colorful foliage.
Both seasons offer mild weather and beautiful scenery.
Summer can be hot and humid, while winter is ideal for skiing and hot springs.

Free Wi-Fi is available in many places such as airports, train stations, hotels, and some cafés.
However, coverage can be spotty in rural areas.
Renting a pocket Wi-Fi or SIM card is recommended for reliable access during your trip.